中小学近视防控工作指南

中小学近视防控工作指南

　 习近平总书记强调，全社会都要行动起来，共同呵护好孩子的眼睛，让他们拥有一个光明的未来。

　目录 第一章

　学校近视防控总体要求 .................................................... 1 第二章

　教室硬件创设 .................................................................... 3 第一节 光环境 .............................................................................. 3 一、配置要求 ........................................................................... 3 二、使用管理 ........................................................................... 5 第二节

　课桌椅 ............................................................................ 8 一、配置要求 ........................................................................... 8 二、使用管理 ........................................................................... 9 第三节

　多媒体 .......................................................................... 10 一、电子教学设备卫生要求 ................................................. 10 二、课件卫生要求 ..................................................................11 三、使用管理 ......................................................................... 12 第四节

　坐姿矫正器 .................................................................. 12 一、配置要求 ......................................................................... 12 二、使用管理 ......................................................................... 13 第五节

　 其

　他 ........................................................................ 14 一、配置要求 ......................................................................... 14 二、使用管理 ......................................................................... 14 第三章

　近视的形成与干预 .......................................................... 15 第一节

　近视的基础知识 .......................................................... 15 一、眼睛的结构 ..................................................................... 15 二、视觉的形成 ..................................................................... 15 三、近视的发展 ..................................................................... 16 四、近视的分类 ..................................................................... 16 第二节

　近视的干预 .................................................................. 17 一、近视的常见早期症状 ..................................................... 17 二、屈光不正筛查 ................................................................. 18 三、近视的诊断与矫正 ......................................................... 23 第四章

　 宣

　教 ............................................................................ 25 第一节

　眼保健操 ...................................................................... 25 一、传统眼保健操 ................................................................. 25 二、非接触眼保健操 ............................................................. 29 第二节

　学生用眼习惯 .............................................................. 31 一、保证学生白天有足够的户外活动时间 ......................... 31 二、保持正确的读写姿势 ..................................................... 31 三、科学使用电子产品 ......................................................... 33 四、坚持定期检查眼睛 ......................................................... 33 第三节

　常见眼部疾病（含常见治疗方式）

　.......................... 34 一、远视 ................................................................................. 34 二、散光 ................................................................................. 34 三、斜视 ................................................................................. 35 四、弱视 ................................................................................. 36 五、色弱和色盲 ..................................................................... 37 六、干眼症 ............................................................................. 38 七、红眼病 ............................................................................. 39 八、沙眼 ................................................................................. 40 九、眼外伤 ............................................................................. 40 第四节

　组织宣教活动 .............................................................. 41 一、体验教室 ......................................................................... 41 二、护眼长廊与宣传栏 ......................................................... 46 三、多种方式的宣教 ............................................................. 52 第五章

　户外活动 .......................................................................... 57 第一节

　课间活动 ...................................................................... 57 一、户外活动防控近视 ......................................................... 57 二、课间活动 ......................................................................... 57 三、课间活动案例 ................................................................. 58 第二节

　体育活动 ...................................................................... 60 第六章

　家校共育 .......................................................................... 61 第一节

　家庭用眼环境 .............................................................. 61 一、灯具的选择 ..................................................................... 61 二、照明环境的营造 ............................................................. 62 三、科学用眼 ......................................................................... 63 第二节

　每日户外活动 .............................................................. 64 第三节

　电子产品使用 .............................................................. 64 第四节

　 睡

　眠 ........................................................................ 64 第五节

　 饮

　食 ........................................................................ 65 一、深刻领会教育部等八部门《实施方案》要求 .............. 68 二、深刻认识本市儿童青少年近视防控工作所面临的形势69 三、工作目标、基本原则和总体策略 ................................. 70 四、聚焦关键，全面推进各项青少年近视防控措施的落实70 五、各相关部门的工作措施 ................................................. 79 六、加强考核 ......................................................................... 83

　前

　言

　近年来，由于中小学生受到课内外学业负担加重，手机、电脑等带电子屏幕产品普及的影响，普遍存在用眼过度、用眼不卫生等情况，又缺乏体育锻炼和户外活动，所以我国儿童青少年出现了近视率居高不下，并有不断攀升的趋势，且近视低龄化、重度化日益严重。习近平总书记指示有关方面，要结合深化教育改革，拿出有效的综合防治方案，并督促各地区、各有关部门抓好落实。

　上海市委、市政府深入贯彻落实习近平总书记关于青少年视力健康的重要指示，建立地方技术标准和工作规范、开展近视高危风险预警、教育和卫生健康部门共同实施教室灯光改造、课桌椅配置改善等综合干预措施，开展“‘目’浴阳光，预防近视”主题宣教活动等，全面落实预防为主、分类施策、综合干预策略，努力提高儿童青少年视力健康水平。

　为指导学校近视防控工作，上海市科技艺术教育中心联合上海市教育委员会教育技术装备中心、上海市眼病防治中心以及五个国家近视防控试点区（徐汇区、闵行区、嘉定区、金山区、松江区）共同编制了《上海市学校近视防控工作指南》，供学校参考使用，切实推进各项举措，有效降低学生近视率，让 学生们拥有一个光明的未来。

　 - 1 -

　 目

　录

　第一章

　学校近视防控总体要求 ··················································· 1 第二章

　教室硬件创设 ·································································· 3 第一节 光环境 ··········································································· 3 一、配置要求········································································· 3 二、使用管理········································································· 5 第二节

　课桌椅 ········································································· 8 一、配置要求········································································· 8 二、使用管理········································································· 9 第三节

　多媒体 ······································································· 10 一、电子教学设备卫生要求 ················································ 10 二、课件卫生要求 ······························································· 11 三、使用管理······································································· 12 第四节

　坐姿矫正器 ······························································· 12 一、配置要求······································································· 12 二、使用管理······································································· 13 第五节

　 其他 ········································································· 14 一、配置要求······································································· 14 二、使用管理······································································· 14 第三章

　近视的形成与干预 ························································ 15 第一节

　近视的基础知...